brewsTest
Kebur Fantahun, Ricco Ferraro
02/21/2021
Introduction
Restatment of problem
stuff goes here ## Dataset stuff goes here ## Techniques used stuff goes here
Libraries
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Import Data
Note: we use the merge data in Question 1 and therefor we need to perform step 2 first. # 2. Merge beer data first with the breweries data & Print first 6 and last 6 oservations in merged file.
| Brewery_id | Drink_name | Beer_ID | ABV | IBU | Style | Ounces | Brewery | City | State |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Get Together | 2692 | 0.045 | 50 | American IPA | 16 | NorthGate Brewing | Minneapolis | MN |
| 1 | Maggie’s Leap | 2691 | 0.049 | 26 | Milk / Sweet Stout | 16 | NorthGate Brewing | Minneapolis | MN |
| 1 | Wall’s End | 2690 | 0.048 | 19 | English Brown Ale | 16 | NorthGate Brewing | Minneapolis | MN |
| 1 | Pumpion | 2689 | 0.060 | 38 | Pumpkin Ale | 16 | NorthGate Brewing | Minneapolis | MN |
| 1 | Stronghold | 2688 | 0.060 | 25 | American Porter | 16 | NorthGate Brewing | Minneapolis | MN |
| 1 | Parapet ESB | 2687 | 0.056 | 47 | Extra Special / Strong Bitter (ESB) | 16 | NorthGate Brewing | Minneapolis | MN |
| Brewery_id | Drink_name | Beer_ID | ABV | IBU | Style | Ounces | Brewery | City | State | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2405 | 556 | Pilsner Ukiah | 98 | 0.055 | NA | German Pilsener | 12 | Ukiah Brewing Company | Ukiah | CA |
| 2406 | 557 | Heinnieweisse Weissebier | 52 | 0.049 | NA | Hefeweizen | 12 | Butternuts Beer and Ale | Garrattsville | NY |
| 2407 | 557 | Snapperhead IPA | 51 | 0.068 | NA | American IPA | 12 | Butternuts Beer and Ale | Garrattsville | NY |
| 2408 | 557 | Moo Thunder Stout | 50 | 0.049 | NA | Milk / Sweet Stout | 12 | Butternuts Beer and Ale | Garrattsville | NY |
| 2409 | 557 | Porkslap Pale Ale | 49 | 0.043 | NA | American Pale Ale (APA) | 12 | Butternuts Beer and Ale | Garrattsville | NY |
| 2410 | 558 | Urban Wilderness Pale Ale | 30 | 0.049 | NA | English Pale Ale | 12 | Sleeping Lady Brewing Company | Anchorage | AK |
1. How many breweries are in each state?
See Table:
## `summarise()` ungrouping output (override with `.groups` argument)## [1] "Total Unique Breweries: "## [1] 558
3a. Plot missing data for reference
## Warning in plot.aggr(res, ...): not enough horizontal space to display
## frequencies
##
## Variables sorted by number of missings:
## Variable Count
## IBU 0.417012448
## ABV 0.025726141
## Style 0.002074689
## Brewery_id 0.000000000
## Drink_name 0.000000000
## Beer_ID 0.000000000
## Ounces 0.000000000
## Brewery 0.000000000
## City 0.000000000
## State 0.000000000## Brewery_id Drink_name Beer_ID ABV
## Min. : 1.0 Length:2410 Min. : 1.0 Min. :0.00100
## 1st Qu.: 94.0 Class :character 1st Qu.: 808.2 1st Qu.:0.05000
## Median :206.0 Mode :character Median :1453.5 Median :0.05600
## Mean :232.7 Mean :1431.1 Mean :0.05977
## 3rd Qu.:367.0 3rd Qu.:2075.8 3rd Qu.:0.06700
## Max. :558.0 Max. :2692.0 Max. :0.12800
## NA's :62
## IBU Style Ounces Brewery
## Min. : 4.00 Length:2410 Min. : 8.40 Length:2410
## 1st Qu.: 21.00 Class :character 1st Qu.:12.00 Class :character
## Median : 35.00 Mode :character Median :12.00 Mode :character
## Mean : 42.71 Mean :13.59
## 3rd Qu.: 64.00 3rd Qu.:16.00
## Max. :138.00 Max. :32.00
## NA's :1005
## City State
## Length:2410 CO : 265
## Class :character CA : 183
## Mode :character MI : 162
## IN : 139
## TX : 130
## OR : 125
## (Other):14063b. Assess missing data when no data exists for IBU OR ABV
- Special Release, The Crowler^tm, Can’d aid foundation are missing ABV/IBU/Style
- Cedar creek - Special Release is ambiguous, missing ABV/IBU/Style and will be dropped as it does not solve the QOI.
- Oskar Blues Brewery - The Crowler is not an actual beer but a type of can
- Oskar Blues Brewery - Can’d aid foundation is a relief effort that sends water so it does not fit in the dataset.
- Beer ID 2364, Royal Lager of Weston Brewing has no ABV/IBU
- Same for BID - 2322 Fort Pitt Brewing Company Fort Pitt Ale
- Oskar Blues Brewery Birth IPA, 1750
- 710, no data
- MillKing It Productions AXL Pale Ale, 273 - out of business no info
- 1095 no data
- 963 no data
3c. Enter in missing data when by hand when data is availbe publicly
-Add style data for 2527 and 1635 by looking it up by hand. -Add IBU and ABV Data for many missing rows by looking up by hand (online via BeerAdvocate.com or Untappd.com)
## Matching, by = "Beer_ID"3d. Assess and impute missing IBU data with median IBU by style
| Brewery_id | ABV | IBU | Drink_name | Style | Ounces | Brewery | City | State | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min. : 1.0 | Min. :0.00100 | Min. : 3.57 | Length:2400 | Length:2400 | Min. : 8.40 | Length:2400 | Length:2400 | CO : 261 | |
| 1st Qu.: 94.0 | 1st Qu.:0.05000 | 1st Qu.: 21.00 | Class :character | Class :character | 1st Qu.:12.00 | Class :character | Class :character | CA : 183 | |
| Median :206.5 | Median :0.05600 | Median : 35.00 | Mode :character | Mode :character | Median :12.00 | Mode :character | Mode :character | MI : 161 | |
| Mean :232.6 | Mean :0.05969 | Mean : 42.59 | NA | NA | Mean :13.58 | NA | NA | IN : 139 | |
| 3rd Qu.:367.0 | 3rd Qu.:0.06700 | 3rd Qu.: 64.00 | NA | NA | 3rd Qu.:16.00 | NA | NA | TX : 129 | |
| Max. :558.0 | Max. :0.12800 | Max. :138.00 | NA | NA | Max. :32.00 | NA | NA | OR : 125 | |
| NA | NA | NA’s :976 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | (Other):1402 |
## `summarise()` ungrouping output (override with `.groups` argument)## [1] Style Brewery_id ABV
## [4] Drink_name Ounces Brewery
## [7] City State median_IBU_by_style
## [10] IBU.clean
## <0 rows> (or 0-length row.names)| Style | Brewery_id | ABV | Drink_name | Ounces | Brewery | City | State | median_IBU_by_style | IBU.clean | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Length:2348 | Min. : 1 | Min. :0.02700 | Length:2348 | Min. : 8.40 | Length:2348 | Length:2348 | CO : 258 | Min. : 8.00 | Min. : 3.57 | |
| Class :character | 1st Qu.: 92 | 1st Qu.:0.05000 | Class :character | 1st Qu.:12.00 | Class :character | Class :character | CA : 181 | 1st Qu.:21.00 | 1st Qu.: 21.00 | |
| Mode :character | Median :204 | Median :0.05600 | Mode :character | Median :12.00 | Mode :character | Mode :character | MI : 146 | Median :30.00 | Median : 32.00 | |
| NA | Mean :231 | Mean :0.05967 | NA | Mean :13.56 | NA | NA | IN : 139 | Mean :40.03 | Mean : 40.46 | |
| NA | 3rd Qu.:366 | 3rd Qu.:0.06700 | NA | 3rd Qu.:16.00 | NA | NA | TX : 129 | 3rd Qu.:69.00 | 3rd Qu.: 60.00 | |
| NA | Max. :558 | Max. :0.12800 | NA | Max. :32.00 | NA | NA | OR : 115 | Max. :96.00 | Max. :138.00 | |
| NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | (Other):1380 | NA | NA |
3e. Plot missing data to show it has all been resolved.
##
## Variables sorted by number of missings:
## Variable Count
## Style 0
## Brewery_id 0
## ABV 0
## Drink_name 0
## Ounces 0
## Brewery 0
## City 0
## State 0
## median_IBU_by_style 0
## IBU.clean 0## Style Brewery_id ABV Drink_name
## Length:2348 Min. : 1 Min. :0.02700 Length:2348
## Class :character 1st Qu.: 92 1st Qu.:0.05000 Class :character
## Mode :character Median :204 Median :0.05600 Mode :character
## Mean :231 Mean :0.05967
## 3rd Qu.:366 3rd Qu.:0.06700
## Max. :558 Max. :0.12800
##
## Ounces Brewery City State
## Min. : 8.40 Length:2348 Length:2348 CO : 258
## 1st Qu.:12.00 Class :character Class :character CA : 181
## Median :12.00 Mode :character Mode :character MI : 146
## Mean :13.56 IN : 139
## 3rd Qu.:16.00 TX : 129
## Max. :32.00 OR : 115
## (Other):1380
## median_IBU_by_style IBU.clean
## Min. : 8.00 Min. : 3.57
## 1st Qu.:21.00 1st Qu.: 21.00
## Median :30.00 Median : 32.00
## Mean :40.03 Mean : 40.46
## 3rd Qu.:69.00 3rd Qu.: 60.00
## Max. :96.00 Max. :138.00
## 4. Median ABV and IBU per state (See output for values)
## `summarise()` ungrouping output (override with `.groups` argument)
## [1] "Total Unique Breweries: "## [1] 5585. Which state has the maximum alcoholic (ABV) beer? Which state has the most bitter (IBU) beer? (See output for values)
| Style | Brewery_id | ABV | Drink_name | Ounces | Brewery | City | State | median_IBU_by_style | IBU.clean |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quadrupel (Quad) | 52 | 0.128 | Lee Hill Series Vol. 5 - Belgian Style Quadrupel Ale | 19.2 | Upslope Brewing Company | Boulder | CO | 24 | 24 |
| English Barleywine | 2 | 0.125 | London Balling | 16.0 | Against the Grain Brewery | Louisville | KY | 60 | 80 |
| Russian Imperial Stout | 18 | 0.120 | Csar | 16.0 | Tin Man Brewing Company | Evansville | IN | 94 | 90 |
| Rye Beer | 52 | 0.104 | Lee Hill Series Vol. 4 - Manhattan Style Rye Ale | 19.2 | Upslope Brewing Company | Boulder | CO | 57 | 57 |
| Baltic Porter | 47 | 0.100 | 4Beans | 12.0 | Sixpoint Craft Ales | Brooklyn | NY | 52 | 52 |
| American Barleywine | 310 | 0.099 | Old Devil’s Tooth | 12.0 | Sockeye Brewing Company | Boise | ID | 96 | 100 |
## [1] "highest ABV State"## Style Brewery_id ABV
## 1 Quadrupel (Quad) 52 0.128
## Drink_name Ounces
## 1 Lee Hill Series Vol. 5 - Belgian Style Quadrupel Ale 19.2
## Brewery City State median_IBU_by_style IBU.clean
## 1 Upslope Brewing Company Boulder CO 24 24| Style | Brewery_id | ABV | Drink_name | Ounces | Brewery | City | State | median_IBU_by_style | IBU.clean |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Double / Imperial IPA | 375 | 0.082 | Bitter Bitch Imperial IPA | 12 | Astoria Brewing Company | Astoria | OR | 90.5 | 138 |
| American IPA | 345 | 0.059 | Troopers Alley IPA | 12 | Wolf Hills Brewing Company | Abingdon | VA | 69.0 | 135 |
| American Double / Imperial IPA | 231 | 0.090 | Dead-Eye DIPA | 16 | Cape Ann Brewing Company | Gloucester | MA | 90.5 | 130 |
| American Double / Imperial IPA | 100 | 0.089 | Bay of Bengal Double IPA (2014) | 12 | Christian Moerlein Brewing Company | Cincinnati | OH | 90.5 | 126 |
| American Double / Imperial IPA | 273 | 0.080 | Heady Topper | 16 | The Alchemist | Waterbury | VT | 90.5 | 120 |
| American Double / Imperial IPA | 62 | 0.097 | Abrasive Ale | 16 | Surly Brewing Company | Brooklyn Center | MN | 90.5 | 120 |
## [1] "highest IBU State"## Style Brewery_id ABV Drink_name
## 1 American Double / Imperial IPA 375 0.082 Bitter Bitch Imperial IPA
## Ounces Brewery City State median_IBU_by_style IBU.clean
## 1 12 Astoria Brewing Company Astoria OR 90.5 1386. Summary statistics and Histogram for ABV
| Style | Brewery_id | ABV | Drink_name | Ounces | Brewery | City | State | median_IBU_by_style | IBU.clean | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Length:2348 | Min. : 1 | Min. :0.02700 | Length:2348 | Min. : 8.40 | Length:2348 | Length:2348 | CO : 258 | Min. : 8.00 | Min. : 3.57 | |
| Class :character | 1st Qu.: 92 | 1st Qu.:0.05000 | Class :character | 1st Qu.:12.00 | Class :character | Class :character | CA : 181 | 1st Qu.:21.00 | 1st Qu.: 21.00 | |
| Mode :character | Median :204 | Median :0.05600 | Mode :character | Median :12.00 | Mode :character | Mode :character | MI : 146 | Median :30.00 | Median : 32.00 | |
| NA | Mean :231 | Mean :0.05967 | NA | Mean :13.56 | NA | NA | IN : 139 | Mean :40.03 | Mean : 40.46 | |
| NA | 3rd Qu.:366 | 3rd Qu.:0.06700 | NA | 3rd Qu.:16.00 | NA | NA | TX : 129 | 3rd Qu.:69.00 | 3rd Qu.: 60.00 | |
| NA | Max. :558 | Max. :0.12800 | NA | Max. :32.00 | NA | NA | OR : 115 | Max. :96.00 | Max. :138.00 | |
| NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | (Other):1380 | NA | NA |
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
7a. Summary statistics and Histogram for ABV
## `geom_smooth()` using method = 'gam' and formula 'y ~ s(x, bs = "cs")'
7b. EDA continued
TODO: Speak to Assumptions for Linear Regression, and P-value and confidence interval for ABV estimate, scope of inference 
## Warning in sqrt(crit * p * (1 - hh)/hh): NaNs produced
## Warning in sqrt(crit * p * (1 - hh)/hh): NaNs produced
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = IBU.clean ~ State + State * ABV + ABV, data = bdat.imputed.IBU.clean)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -79.146 -12.212 -1.991 12.028 87.085
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) -129.29 37.59 -3.440 0.000593 ***
## StateAL 64.69 49.16 1.316 0.188368
## StateAR 160.47 72.28 2.220 0.026506 *
## StateAZ 120.87 40.10 3.014 0.002606 **
## StateCA 98.93 38.08 2.598 0.009428 **
## StateCO 114.12 37.95 3.007 0.002668 **
## StateCT 106.06 40.27 2.634 0.008500 **
## StateDC 61.86 49.86 1.241 0.214906
## StateDE 225.29 117.43 1.918 0.055178 .
## StateFL 70.90 40.51 1.750 0.080241 .
## StateGA 85.36 51.27 1.665 0.096033 .
## StateHI 94.06 43.05 2.185 0.028982 *
## StateIA 116.19 41.40 2.806 0.005056 **
## StateID 89.04 40.08 2.222 0.026413 *
## StateIL 86.22 38.63 2.232 0.025741 *
## StateIN 122.21 38.23 3.197 0.001410 **
## StateKS 96.74 41.84 2.312 0.020845 *
## StateKY 127.68 40.24 3.173 0.001529 **
## StateLA 86.83 42.71 2.033 0.042172 *
## StateMA 88.40 39.11 2.260 0.023891 *
## StateMD 116.52 43.51 2.678 0.007457 **
## StateME 95.31 40.22 2.370 0.017892 *
## StateMI 135.25 38.24 3.537 0.000413 ***
## StateMN 99.19 39.18 2.531 0.011425 *
## StateMO 75.51 41.31 1.828 0.067731 .
## StateMS 85.94 46.38 1.853 0.064002 .
## StateMT 85.41 43.54 1.962 0.049926 *
## StateNC 119.23 39.22 3.040 0.002394 **
## StateND 45.58 73.36 0.621 0.534452
## StateNE 106.82 41.52 2.573 0.010155 *
## StateNH 109.89 51.59 2.130 0.033284 *
## StateNJ 98.05 42.32 2.317 0.020596 *
## StateNM 31.91 50.27 0.635 0.525694
## StateNV 127.15 44.33 2.868 0.004167 **
## StateNY 100.31 38.69 2.592 0.009592 **
## StateOH 108.08 39.83 2.714 0.006706 **
## StateOK 95.50 42.82 2.230 0.025829 *
## StateOR 80.52 38.51 2.091 0.036651 *
## StatePA 137.92 38.60 3.573 0.000361 ***
## StateRI 117.62 41.30 2.848 0.004443 **
## StateSC 96.29 42.01 2.292 0.022006 *
## StateSD 140.02 66.71 2.099 0.035939 *
## StateTN 68.21 80.31 0.849 0.395799
## StateTX 84.98 38.36 2.215 0.026829 *
## StateUT 128.78 39.57 3.254 0.001153 **
## StateVA 81.82 41.03 1.994 0.046274 *
## StateVT 82.02 40.62 2.019 0.043611 *
## StateWA 121.64 39.69 3.065 0.002206 **
## StateWI 102.55 39.61 2.589 0.009677 **
## StateWV 19.39 169.13 0.115 0.908754
## StateWY 63.82 49.02 1.302 0.193128
## ABV 3001.54 672.17 4.465 8.38e-06 ***
## StateAL:ABV -1183.04 838.98 -1.410 0.158652
## StateAR:ABV -2985.79 1354.72 -2.204 0.027626 *
## StateAZ:ABV -2303.02 709.68 -3.245 0.001191 **
## StateCA:ABV -1785.93 679.02 -2.630 0.008593 **
## StateCO:ABV -2077.20 677.07 -3.068 0.002181 **
## StateCT:ABV -1951.42 710.11 -2.748 0.006043 **
## StateDC:ABV -1327.38 831.19 -1.597 0.110414
## StateDE:ABV -3801.54 1890.86 -2.010 0.044499 *
## StateFL:ABV -1337.25 716.63 -1.866 0.062166 .
## StateGA:ABV -1531.73 909.58 -1.684 0.092320 .
## StateHI:ABV -1792.26 765.74 -2.341 0.019342 *
## StateIA:ABV -2229.85 730.51 -3.052 0.002296 **
## StateID:ABV -1552.43 707.95 -2.193 0.028422 *
## StateIL:ABV -1599.72 686.70 -2.330 0.019917 *
## StateIN:ABV -2224.00 680.72 -3.267 0.001103 **
## StateKS:ABV -1790.34 744.49 -2.405 0.016262 *
## StateKY:ABV -2357.52 704.93 -3.344 0.000838 ***
## StateLA:ABV -1595.73 761.10 -2.097 0.036140 *
## StateMA:ABV -1609.45 698.31 -2.305 0.021271 *
## StateMD:ABV -2108.40 764.70 -2.757 0.005878 **
## StateME:ABV -1704.05 713.61 -2.388 0.017027 *
## StateMI:ABV -2527.87 681.02 -3.712 0.000211 ***
## StateMN:ABV -1666.19 695.38 -2.396 0.016653 *
## StateMO:ABV -1360.36 739.84 -1.839 0.066088 .
## StateMS:ABV -1477.17 809.50 -1.825 0.068165 .
## StateMT:ABV -1570.35 775.43 -2.025 0.042971 *
## StateNC:ABV -2191.86 697.28 -3.143 0.001691 **
## StateND:ABV -704.55 1331.48 -0.529 0.596756
## StateNE:ABV -1967.10 735.33 -2.675 0.007524 **
## StateNH:ABV -2023.81 943.99 -2.144 0.032149 *
## StateNJ:ABV -1648.93 743.89 -2.217 0.026748 *
## StateNM:ABV -545.71 862.92 -0.632 0.527193
## StateNV:ABV -2305.26 752.69 -3.063 0.002220 **
## StateNY:ABV -1778.79 689.84 -2.579 0.009985 **
## StateOH:ABV -1958.42 702.82 -2.787 0.005373 **
## StateOK:ABV -1852.86 752.00 -2.464 0.013817 *
## StateOR:ABV -1320.52 687.60 -1.920 0.054924 .
## StatePA:ABV -2483.76 687.23 -3.614 0.000308 ***
## StateRI:ABV -2246.67 733.43 -3.063 0.002215 **
## StateSC:ABV -1830.39 735.23 -2.490 0.012863 *
## StateSD:ABV -2675.35 1140.95 -2.345 0.019122 *
## StateTN:ABV -1175.32 1444.81 -0.813 0.416031
## StateTX:ABV -1598.07 683.80 -2.337 0.019525 *
## StateUT:ABV -2234.21 709.70 -3.148 0.001665 **
## StateVA:ABV -1384.88 729.61 -1.898 0.057811 .
## StateVT:ABV -1401.76 714.83 -1.961 0.050007 .
## StateWA:ABV -2113.67 706.96 -2.990 0.002822 **
## StateWI:ABV -2001.65 710.22 -2.818 0.004869 **
## StateWV:ABV -301.54 2734.91 -0.110 0.912216
## StateWY:ABV -1237.25 879.26 -1.407 0.159519
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 18.75 on 2246 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.4258, Adjusted R-squared: 0.4
## F-statistic: 16.49 on 101 and 2246 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16Note: American Pale Ale is VERY similar to IPA but we call it “other” ale # 8a. Data Prep for Difference with respect to IBU and ABV between IPAs and other Ales
## Abbey Single Ale Altbier
## 2 13
## American Adjunct Lager American Amber / Red Ale
## 18 132
## American Amber / Red Lager American Barleywine
## 28 3
## American Black Ale American Blonde Ale
## 36 108
## American Brown Ale American Dark Wheat Ale
## 70 7
## American Double / Imperial IPA American Double / Imperial Pilsner
## 105 2
## American Double / Imperial Stout American India Pale Lager
## 9 3
## American IPA American Pale Ale (APA)
## 423 244
## American Pale Lager American Pale Wheat Ale
## 38 96
## American Pilsner American Porter
## 25 67
## American Stout American Strong Ale
## 39 14
## American White IPA American Wild Ale
## 11 6
## Baltic Porter Belgian Dark Ale
## 6 11
## Belgian IPA Belgian Pale Ale
## 18 24
## Belgian Strong Dark Ale Belgian Strong Pale Ale
## 6 7
## Berliner Weissbier Bière de Garde
## 11 7
## Bock California Common / Steam Beer
## 7 6
## Chile Beer Cream Ale
## 3 29
## Czech Pilsener Doppelbock
## 28 7
## Dortmunder / Export Lager Dubbel
## 6 5
## Dunkelweizen English Barleywine
## 4 3
## English Bitter English Brown Ale
## 3 18
## English Dark Mild Ale English India Pale Ale (IPA)
## 6 13
## English Pale Ale English Pale Mild Ale
## 12 3
## English Stout English Strong Ale
## 2 4
## Euro Dark Lager Euro Pale Lager
## 5 2
## Extra Special / Strong Bitter (ESB) Flanders Oud Bruin
## 20 1
## Foreign / Export Stout Fruit / Vegetable Beer
## 6 49
## German Pilsener Gose
## 36 10
## Grisette Hefeweizen
## 1 40
## Herbed / Spiced Beer Irish Dry Stout
## 9 5
## Irish Red Ale Keller Bier / Zwickel Bier
## 12 3
## Kölsch Lager
## 42 1
## Light Lager Maibock / Helles Bock
## 12 5
## Märzen / Oktoberfest Milk / Sweet Stout
## 30 10
## Munich Dunkel Lager Munich Helles Lager
## 4 20
## Oatmeal Stout Old Ale
## 18 2
## Other Pumpkin Ale
## 1 23
## Quadrupel (Quad) Radler
## 4 3
## Roggenbier Russian Imperial Stout
## 2 11
## Rye Beer Saison / Farmhouse Ale
## 18 52
## Schwarzbier Scotch Ale / Wee Heavy
## 9 15
## Scottish Ale Scottish-Style Amber Ale
## 19 1
## Smoked Beer Tripel
## 1 11
## Vienna Lager Wheat Ale
## 20 1
## Winter Warmer Witbier
## 15 51## Style Brewery_id ABV Drink_name Ounces
## 1 OtherAle 58 0.049 Abbey's Single (2015- ) 12
## 2 OtherAle 58 0.049 Abbey's Single Ale (Current) 12
## 3 OtherAle 361 0.061 Hot Rod Red 12
## 4 OtherAle 553 0.056 Mickey Finn's Amber Ale 12
## 5 OtherAle 102 0.052 Hurricane Amber Ale 12
## 6 OtherAle 83 0.052 Fat Tire Amber Ale (2011) 12
## Brewery City State median_IBU_by_style
## 1 Destihl Brewery Bloomington IL 22
## 2 Destihl Brewery Bloomington IL 22
## 3 Aviator Brewing Company Fuquay-Varina NC 30
## 4 Mickey Finn's Brewery Libertyville IL 30
## 5 Coastal Extreme Brewing Company Newport RI 30
## 6 New Belgium Brewing Company Fort Collins CO 30
## IBU.clean
## 1 22
## 2 22
## 3 41
## 4 30
## 5 24
## 6 18
## Length Class Mode
## 2348 character character8b. Test split
8c. KNN for IPA's vs Other Ales
## Confusion Matrix and Statistics
##
## classifications
## IPA OtherAle
## IPA 67 7
## OtherAle 16 140
##
## Accuracy : 0.9
## 95% CI : (0.8537, 0.9355)
## No Information Rate : 0.6391
## P-Value [Acc > NIR] : < 2e-16
##
## Kappa : 0.778
##
## Mcnemar's Test P-Value : 0.09529
##
## Sensitivity : 0.8072
## Specificity : 0.9524
## Pos Pred Value : 0.9054
## Neg Pred Value : 0.8974
## Prevalence : 0.3609
## Detection Rate : 0.2913
## Detection Prevalence : 0.3217
## Balanced Accuracy : 0.8798
##
## 'Positive' Class : IPA
## 8d. Linear Regression for IPA's vs Other Ales
- NOTE: make the unit increase in interpretation be in terms of .01 unit increase in ABV
## 2.5 % 97.5 %
## (Intercept) 8.439664 22.633685
## StyleOtherAle -23.536657 -5.964116
## ABV 707.658144 912.217775
## StyleOtherAle:ABV -373.372852 -101.203617##
## Call:
## lm(formula = IBU.clean ~ Style + Style * ABV + ABV, data = bdat.IPA.Vs.Ales.train)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -47.902 -9.137 -2.282 8.286 76.991
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 15.537 3.618 4.295 1.88e-05 ***
## StyleOtherAle -14.750 4.479 -3.293 0.001016 **
## ABV 809.938 52.136 15.535 < 2e-16 ***
## StyleOtherAle:ABV -237.288 69.367 -3.421 0.000644 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 14.42 on 1296 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.6573, Adjusted R-squared: 0.6566
## F-statistic: 828.8 on 3 and 1296 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-168.e LDA and KNN to predict style based on IBU and ABV Individually
9
## Warning in preProcess.default(thresh = 0.95, k = 5, freqCut = 19, uniqueCut =
## 10, : These variables have zero variances: StateDE
## Warning in preProcess.default(thresh = 0.95, k = 5, freqCut = 19, uniqueCut =
## 10, : These variables have zero variances: StateDE
## Warning in preProcess.default(thresh = 0.95, k = 5, freqCut = 19, uniqueCut =
## 10, : These variables have zero variances: StateDE
## Warning in preProcess.default(thresh = 0.95, k = 5, freqCut = 19, uniqueCut =
## 10, : These variables have zero variances: StateDE
## Warning in preProcess.default(thresh = 0.95, k = 5, freqCut = 19, uniqueCut =
## 10, : These variables have zero variances: StateDE
## Warning in preProcess.default(thresh = 0.95, k = 5, freqCut = 19, uniqueCut =
## 10, : These variables have zero variances: StateDE
## Warning in preProcess.default(thresh = 0.95, k = 5, freqCut = 19, uniqueCut =
## 10, : These variables have zero variances: StateDE
## Warning in preProcess.default(thresh = 0.95, k = 5, freqCut = 19, uniqueCut =
## 10, : These variables have zero variances: StateDE
## Warning in preProcess.default(thresh = 0.95, k = 5, freqCut = 19, uniqueCut =
## 10, : These variables have zero variances: StateDE
## Warning in preProcess.default(thresh = 0.95, k = 5, freqCut = 19, uniqueCut =
## 10, : These variables have zero variances: StateDE## Warning in preProcess.default(thresh = 0.95, k = 5, freqCut = 19, uniqueCut =
## 10, : These variables have zero variances: StateWV
## Warning in preProcess.default(thresh = 0.95, k = 5, freqCut = 19, uniqueCut =
## 10, : These variables have zero variances: StateWV
## Warning in preProcess.default(thresh = 0.95, k = 5, freqCut = 19, uniqueCut =
## 10, : These variables have zero variances: StateWV
## Warning in preProcess.default(thresh = 0.95, k = 5, freqCut = 19, uniqueCut =
## 10, : These variables have zero variances: StateWV
## Warning in preProcess.default(thresh = 0.95, k = 5, freqCut = 19, uniqueCut =
## 10, : These variables have zero variances: StateWV
## Warning in preProcess.default(thresh = 0.95, k = 5, freqCut = 19, uniqueCut =
## 10, : These variables have zero variances: StateWV
## Warning in preProcess.default(thresh = 0.95, k = 5, freqCut = 19, uniqueCut =
## 10, : These variables have zero variances: StateWV
## Warning in preProcess.default(thresh = 0.95, k = 5, freqCut = 19, uniqueCut =
## 10, : These variables have zero variances: StateWV
## Warning in preProcess.default(thresh = 0.95, k = 5, freqCut = 19, uniqueCut =
## 10, : These variables have zero variances: StateWV
## Warning in preProcess.default(thresh = 0.95, k = 5, freqCut = 19, uniqueCut =
## 10, : These variables have zero variances: StateWV
## Confusion Matrix and Statistics
##
## classifications
## 12 16
## 12 127 14
## 16 50 36
##
## Accuracy : 0.7181
## 95% CI : (0.6547, 0.7756)
## No Information Rate : 0.7797
## P-Value [Acc > NIR] : 0.9883
##
## Kappa : 0.3477
##
## Mcnemar's Test P-Value : 1.214e-05
##
## Sensitivity : 0.7175
## Specificity : 0.7200
## Pos Pred Value : 0.9007
## Neg Pred Value : 0.4186
## Prevalence : 0.7797
## Detection Rate : 0.5595
## Detection Prevalence : 0.6211
## Balanced Accuracy : 0.7188
##
## 'Positive' Class : 12
##